Preamble

I have been using Linux for 4 years since I first encountered it in 2014. Initially, I experimented with various distributions, ranging from domestic ones like StartOS and Deepin to Debian, Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, Fedora, and then to Arch Linux. Currently, my primary systems are Manjaro and Ubuntu 16.04. This article is intended for beginner users who have just started using Linux and have some command line basics. It is written based on my experience with Linux, and all software and commands have been tested and run on the Ubuntu 16.04 system.

Due to the extensive content and length, this article will be continuously updated. The plan is to update it once a month, so please stay tuned. If you have any tips or methods related to using Linux, you are also welcome to share and discuss~

Modifying Software Sources

Ubuntu's default software sources are located overseas, which can slow down software installation. We'll change them to Alibaba Cloud's domestic mirrors.

Open Settings.

Select Software Updates.

Click Download from and select Other servers.

Click Close to save. It will prompt you to refresh the list; just refresh it once.

Essential Software Installation

I've noticed many people still have an impression of Linux from over a decade ago. However, nowadays, Linux can fully meet the demands of daily work and life (aside from not being able to run as many games). For most software you need to use, there are corresponding solutions or alternatives available on Linux.

Common (Domestic) Windows Software

The following software listed can run perfectly on Linux, thanks to the efforts and selfless dedication of Deepin and the project authors! All these software rely on Deepin-Wine, a Wine environment configured by Deepin engineers.

Deepin wine Ubuntu Project Homepage: https://github.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-ubuntu

Here is an archive of Deepin-Wine containers (with minimal optimizations for Ubuntu), which are the installation packages for the software listed below. Deepin wine containers for Ubuntu Project Homepage: https://github.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-containers-for-ubuntu

1. QQ
2. TIM
3. QQ Lite Edition
4. WeChat
5. Foxmail
6. Baidu Netdisk
7. 360 Compression
8. WinRAR
9. Thunder Speed Edition

Installation Method:

You can choose to use git to clone this project locally, or you can choose to directly download the complete compressed package. If your network is not very stable, it is recommended to download the complete compressed package.

git clone https://github.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-ubuntu.git

After cloning is complete, enter the project directory to install deepin-wine

cd deepin-wine-ubuntu ./install.sh

Then, in this project or from the software list above, download the required installation packages to install:

> **Deepin wine containers for Ubuntu** project homepage: https://github.com/wszqkzqk/deepin-wine-containers-for-ubuntu

For information on the deepin wine series of applications, you can also refer to this blog post: https://www.lulinux.com/archives/1319
### Listening to Music

The reputable NetEase Cloud Music has released a Linux version that can run perfectly on Ubuntu 16.04. You can simply download the installation package from the official website and install it～
Official website: https://music.163.com/#/download
### Input Method

Sogou Input Method is also quite user-friendly. It offers a Linux version that is free, ad-free, and supports synchronization—far superior to its Windows counterpart in terms of user experience.
Official website: https://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/?r=pinyin
## Office Software

In the past, one major criticism of Linux was its poor office editing capabilities. Now, that has changed—the kind folks at Kingsoft have released a Linux version of WPS. It has the same features as the Windows version and best of all, it comes without pop-up ads!
Official website: http://www.wps.cn/product/wpslinux

After downloading is complete, open the folder containing the installation package, right-click, and select **Open Terminal Here**.
Enter the following command to install (the specific filename will depend on the version you downloaded):

```bash
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.6757_amd64.deb 

If you encounter errors during the installation, it's most likely due to missing dependency packages. Please enter the following command to install the necessary dependencies:

sudo apt install -f

For a better user experience, it is recommended to import Windows fonts. This will ensure seamless editing of all types of documents. You can refer to this blog post of mine: https://www.jianshu.com/p/5042a4855267

Shell Command-Line

I love zsh for its powerful features and high customizability. With various configurations and plugins, it allows you to explore endless possibilities.

Installation Method:

sudo apt install zsh

A common approach is to use oh-my-zsh to automatically manage configurations. You can check its official website: https://ohmyz.sh/ However, here I recommend using the official zsh plugin manager antigen for management. For detailed usage, refer to its GitHub page: https://github.com/zsh-users/antigen

Development Related

Linux is practically a system built specifically for developers, with all kinds of development tools readily available, all of which can be installed with just one click, making it extremely convenient.

Vim Editor

When using Linux, you absolutely cannot miss the famous Vim tool. No need for too much explanation—just experience it for yourself!

sudo apt install vim

Related Learning Materials

• Vim Learning Guide http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/89096.htm
• Learn the Vi Editor Quickly http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-08/88586.htm
• The Powerful Vim Editor http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87544.htm
• Setting Up a Vim Development Environment on CentOS 6.2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87363.htm
• Turning Vim into an Excellent C++ IDE http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-06/132262.htm
• Vim Tips Sharing: C Language Settings http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/77124.htm
• Setting Line Numbers for Vim in Ubuntu http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-12/75485.htm

sublime-text3

Also a very famous editor tool, installation method:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3    
sudo apt-get update    
sudo apt-get install sublime-text

vscode

An open-source editor developed by Microsoft that's quickly becoming a dominant force in the field—it's incredibly powerful and a must-try! Simply go to the official website to download and install it. Official website: https://code.visualstudio.com/

JetBrains All Products

JetBrains is undeniably powerful—its IDEs are truly excellent. When using them on Linux, I highly recommend managing them with the JetBrains Toolbox. This tool can be downloaded from the official JetBrains website, and the installation is a one-click process, making it extremely convenient!

System Configuration

Before starting this section, you need to open the System Settings interface.

Global Menu Settings

The defining feature of Ubuntu's Unity desktop is the global menu. However, as screens get larger, having all window menus in the top-left corner of the screen can be quite inconvenient. We can move the menus to the window's title bar, which makes efficient use of space without affecting usability.

As shown in the image below, select 【Appearance】-【Behavior】-【Show window menus】 and change it to 【In the window's title bar】.

Theme Customization

The most distinctive feature of Linux systems is that you can customize the configuration according to your preferences. You can achieve any desired appearance—the level of customization is incredibly high.

Below, I'll introduce my simple customization approach, based on Ubuntu 16.04 (I will later supplement with methods for Ubuntu 18.04 and above, which are based on the GNOME desktop environment).

First, you need to install unity-tweak-tool. We'll use this tool later to modify themes and icons.

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool 

Installing the Flatabulous Theme

GitHub URL: https://github.com/anmoljagetia/Flatabulous Start the theme installation

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install flatabulous-theme

Install the matching ultra-flat-icons package for the theme:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ultra-flat-icons

Once the installation is complete, open unity-tweak-tool, click on Themes, and change it to Flatabulous, as shown below:

Change the icons:

Theme effect:

Installing Arc Theme

This is also a flat design theme for Ubuntu. The official GitHub page is: https://github.com/horst3180/arc-theme

To install the theme:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install arc-theme

To install the matching icons:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install arc-icons

We will not elaborate on how to change the theme and icons here.

Fun Command Line Terminal

The Linux terminal is super powerful, and almost all tasks can be accomplished through commands. While typing commands, the terminal can also be used to do many interesting things. This section lists some fun and interesting commands, and I recommend trying them one by one ~ If you discover anything even more fun, feel free to let me know, and we can share it together.

boxes

As the name suggests, this command allows you to enclose your message in boxes, with a variety of box styles to choose from. For more details, visit its code repository.
GitHub address: https://github.com/ascii-boxes/boxes
Installation:

sudo apt install boxes

Let's try it:

╰─$ echo hello | boxes -d diamonds -a c
       /\          /\          /\
    /\//\\/\    /\//\\/\    /\//\\/\
 /\//\\\///\\/\//\\\///\\/\//\\\///\\/\
//\\\//\/\\///\\\//\/\\///\\\//\/\\///\\
\\//\/                            \/\\//
 \/                                  \/
 /\                                  /\
//\\             hello              //\\
\\//                                \\//
 \/                                  \/
 /\                                  /\
//\\/\                            /\//\\
\\///\\/\//\\\///\\/\//\\\///\\/\//\\\//
 \/\\///\\\//\/\\///\\\//\/\\///\\\//\/
    \/\\//\/    \/\\//\/    \/\\//\/
       \/          \/          \/

you-get Command-line Video Downloader

Supports downloading from many video websites; please test it yourself. GitHub URL: https://github.com/soimort/you-get

tget Seed Download Tool

Github address: https://github.com/jeffjose/tget

Little Train: sl

Very simple - just run a train!
Installation & Usage:

sudo apt install sl
sl

Effect: You'll see a little train (小火车) chugging across the screen.

cmatrix Code Rain

sudo apt install cmatrix
cmatrix

Effect:

screenfetch

sudo apt install screenfetch
screenfetch

Effect:

pv

You might have seen simulated subtitles in movies that appear as if they are being typed out in real-time. Would it be great if we could achieve this effect in the terminal?

sudo apt install pv
# Usage
echo typewriter lalala | pv -qL 10

Terminal Flames

sudo apt-get install libaa-bin
aafire

Effect:

ddate meticulously crafted mixed calendar

sudo apt install ddate

Test

ddate

Output: Today is Pungenday, the 33rd day of Chaos in the YOLD 3185

Watching an ASCII Version of Star Wars Using Telnet

Run the following command in your terminal:

telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl

Check the Weather in the Terminal

curl wttr.in

You can also specify a city name, for example

curl wttr.in/guangzhou

![](8869373-431d58a804279d07.webp)
### Terminal Art Text

figlet is a tool for displaying art text in the terminal.

```bash
sudo apt install figlet

Running Effect

╰─$ echo hello | figlet
 _          _ _       
| |__   ___| | | ___  
| '_ \ / _ \ | |/ _ \ 
| | | |  __/ | | (_) |
|_| |_|\___|_|_|\___/ 

A similar tool is toilet, which you can also try.

Terminal Snake Game

Run the Snake game via Docker with the following command:

docker run -ti dyego/snake-game

Note: This command requires Docker to be installed on your system. For Docker installation and usage, you can refer to this article: https://www.jianshu.com/p/724315d13ad7

Play Tetris on the Command Line

GitHub homepage: https://github.com/samtay/tetris
Download command:

curl -L https://github.com/samtay/tetris/releases/download/0.1.3/tetris-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o tetris
chmod +x tetris

Run command:

tetris

NetEase-MusicBox Command-Line Version of NetEase Cloud Music

GitHub Homepage: https://github.com/darknessomi/musicbox Installation:

pip3 install NetEase-MusicBox
sudo apt install mpg123

Running:

musicbox

Keyboard Shortcuts:

For more operations, please refer to the documentation on the GitHub homepage.

axel Multithreaded Download Tool

axel is an excellent HTTP/ftp high-speed download tool for Linux. It supports multithreaded downloading, resume downloading (断点续传), and can download the same file from multiple addresses or multiple connections from a single address. It is ideal for improving download speeds when the network connection is poor. For example, using Axel to download the LNMP one-click installation package on a domestic VPS or server is faster than using wget.

Installation:

sudo apt install axel

For more usage details, please refer to: http://man.linuxde.net/axel

Afterword

Managed to complete the first version of the Ubuntu Complete Configuration Guide just before the Spring Festival. Subsequent content will be continuously updated, so please stay tuned. I would also like to take this opportunity to wish all readers a Happy New Year and a happy family life!

Feel free to connect with me

• Live Coding Stream: https://live.bilibili.com/11883038
• WeChat Official Account: DealiAxy
• Zhihu: https://www.zhihu.com/people/dealiaxy
• Jianshu: https://www.jianshu.com/u/965b95853b9f